USCG

Created byAct of Jan. 28, 1915 (merging the Revenue Cutter Service (1790) and Life-Saving Service); current organic act: Act of Aug. 4, 1949, 63 Stat. 496; Title 14 recodified by the Frank LoBiondo Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2018, Pub. L. 115-282; transferred to DHS by Homeland Security Act of 2002 § 888

Head appointed14 U.S.C. § 302 (formerly § 44): Commandant appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a 4-year term, from active-duty officers above the grade of captain with at least 10 years of commissioned Coast Guard service; serves in the grade of admiral (PAS)

Removal standardno statutory removal protection — the 4-year term under 14 U.S.C. § 302 fixes tenure length only; as a commissioned officer the Commandant may be relieved by the President at will

Funded underannual DHS Appropriations Act (Coast Guard operates in DHS except when operating as a service in the Navy — transferred upon a declaration of war if Congress so directs in the declaration, or when the President directs, 14 U.S.C. § 103)

Congressional oversightHouse Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure (Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation) · Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (Coast Guard authorizations and Commandant nominations)

Inspector generalDHS OIG (PAS IG under the IG Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 401–424)

Judicial reviewAPA review of marine-safety and navigation rules; merchant mariner license suspension-and-revocation orders appealable to the National Transportation Safety Board (49 U.S.C. § 1153) and then to the courts of appeals; service members governed by the UCMJ (10 U.S.C. ch. 47), not the APA