NRC

Created byEnergy Reorganization Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-438), splitting the Atomic Energy Commission into NRC and ERDA

Head appointed42 U.S.C. § 5841(a)-(c): President appoints 5 members, Senate consent, 5-yr staggered terms, max 3 from one party; Chairman designated by President and serves as Chairman at the President's pleasure (PAS)

Removal standardfor cause: 'Any member of the Commission may be removed by the President for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office' (42 U.S.C. § 5841(e))

Funded underEnergy and Water Development appropriations act; NEIMA (P.L. 115-439, 2019), 42 U.S.C. § 2215, requires recovery of approximately 100% of the budget (less excluded activities) through annual charges on licensees, plus service fees under 31 U.S.C. § 9701 (IOAA)

Congressional oversightHouse Energy and Commerce · Senate Environment and Public Works

Inspector generalown PAS IG (presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed, an 'establishment' IG under the IG Act since the 1988 amendments; also serves the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board)

Judicial reviewHobbs Act direct court-of-appeals review of licensing and final orders, 28 U.S.C. § 2342(4) with 42 U.S.C. § 2239(b); hearing rights for interested parties under 42 U.S.C. § 2239(a)